Self‐Assembled Binary Mixtures of Partially Etched Nanowires

Arrays of anisotropic particles are sought after for applications in optics, electronics, and energy. Structures assembled from multiple micro‐ or nanoparticles could incorporate the distinct properties of each component to achieve functions not possible from single‐population assemblies. In mixed‐particle populations, the assembly forces may differ between the particle types, which will in turn influence the final assembled structures. Here, binary particle mixtures are studied and compared to assemblies formed from each of the component particles alone. The particles are partially etched nanowires (PENs, ≈300 nm diameter, and 3–8 μm overall length), which are formed by the silica coating and subsequent etching of striped metal nanowires, such that what remains are silica nanotubes containing segments of metal core (Au, Pt, Rh, or Pt/Au) with controllable location and number, spaced by “empty” regions that fill with water. Binary mixtures of PENs with different core metals and segment patterns are examined here to explore how the different core segment material, length, position, and number affects overall self‐assembly behavior.     

单矢量水听器估计目标方位的方法与实验

为评估基于单矢量水听器的方位估计能力,在黄海海域对矢量水听器进行实验。矢量水听器吊放于接收船尾部,采用平均声强器和复声强器方位估计方法,并提出以概率密度值最大的方位角作为目标方位估计值的具体处理准则,对恒定方向、匀速行驶的目标船方位进行估计,并求出两种方法的方位估计误差。结果表明,水听器布放深度10 m时,对正横距离为0.42 km的航速10 kn的目标船,平均声强器方法的水平方位角估计误差18°,极角估计误差为5°,可以在离目标船最远1.17 km处估计其方位;复声强法的水平方位角估计误差为13°,极角估计误差为8°,可以在离目标船最远2.35 km处估计其方位。在有接收船的噪声干扰情况下,复声强器比平均声强器方法估计的方位更准确,可以对更远处的噪声源进行方位估计。     

抗核辐射条件的应变计粘贴与防护技术

本文介绍了在重水反应堆中进行应变测量的若干技术成果，主要是较好地解决了用在核辐射条件下，有水流冲刷的环境中的应用变计的粘贴与防护技术。在具有核辐射的环境中测试，通常选用聚酰亚胺胶作粘结剂。但是这种胶需在高温条件下固化，如果被测构件较大，是无法实现的。经测试筛选出具有防水防辐射性能的常温固化胶，并介绍了可用航空导线替代具有抗辐射性能的铠装电缆在堆内进行测量问题。采用有关措施后，经标定，在核辐射前后应     

A variational solution of 2-D sound-structure interaction problems

Based on the fluid-structure coupling theory, a localized variational principle for analyzing the sound radiation from elastic structure submerged in water due to harmonic excitations is presented. It will be a powerful tool to formulate various numerical methods for steady response of structural-acoustic systems. By means of this variational principle a hybrid element method, in which an analytical solution valid in most of the surrounding water is incorporated with finite elements distributed in the structure and its neighboring water, is devised. Computational examples are then given to demonstrate its high accuracy and time saving. The project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (10172038) and the Doctoral Program Foundation of Institution of Higher Education of China (20040487013). The English text was polished by Yunming Chen.     

地表温度对颗粒跃移轨迹的影响

为了研究由地表温度变化引起的向上的垂向气流对沙粒跃移运动的影响,本文给出了考虑近地表温度变化和水平来流风场作用下的沙粒的跃移运动。在定量给出不同时刻的近地表温度和垂向风速的基础上,计算了由于太阳辐射所引起的近地表层垂向气流对沙粒跃移运动的影响,发现:垂向风速在午后可达到1.5m/s并使得沙粒跃移轨迹的最大高度和长度分别增加55.56%和73.68%;同时,与不考虑温度效应的情况不同的是,沙粒跃移轨道最大高度将随粒径变化。     

激光辐照下有界圆厚板的热弹性弯曲响应分析

考虑板弯曲运动的旋转惯性效应和剪切变形效应，建立了轴对称热能沉积作用下，边界固支或简支圆厚板的热弹性弯曲运动控制方程。利用数学变换和摄动法，导出了各种温度－力学边界条件下板的热弹性弯曲挠度及截面广义转角的解析公式。给出了在空间Ｇａｕｓｓ型分布激光束辐照下，板整体弯曲响应的代表性数值计算结果，直观显示了板弯曲挠度的时空变化规律。     

Experimental research on flame spectra of methane-coal dust explosions

The significance of experimental research on flame spectra of methane-coal dust explosions is explained. Weak explosions of methane-coal dust-air mixtures were carried out in a large-scale tube of Ø 200 cm×2900cm with one end open, and the absolute radiation intensities as well as their variation under different conditions for characteristic wavelengths of 0.8875, 1.000, 1.505, 2.801, and 4.346μm were obtained by using small angle of view and a multichannel detector developed by us. The experimental results are discussed and compared with those published abroad. Based on the absolute radiation intensity measured at wavelength 4.346μm and the selected blackbody radiation model, the temperature of explosion flame was determined. The results obtained are not only of great practical importance to the industry but may also be used in the study of flame and chemical kinetics.     

Initiation of Combustion in a Supersonic Hydrogen-Air Mixture Flow by CO<Subscript>2</Subscript>-Laser Radiation

Features of the ignition kinetics of an H₂/air mixture in the supersonic flow behind an inclined shock front are analyzed when asymmetric vibrations of a small amount (<1%) of O₃ molecules specially introduced into the initial mixture are excited by 9.7 μm wavelength radiation. It is shown that this radiation leads to intensification of the chain reactions and makes it possible to organize combustion at small distances from the front (of the order of 1 m) of even relatively weak shocks at small values of the laser radiation energies absorbed by the gas. This method of initiating combustion in a supersonic flow is 10–100 times more efficient than the thermal method.__________Translated from Izvestiya Rossiiskoi Academii Nauk, Mekhanika Zhidkosti i Gaza, No. 2, 2005, pp. 157–167.Original Russian Text Copyright © 2005 by Lukhovitskii, Starik, and Titova.     

Foam Self-Clarification Phenomenon: An Experimental Investigation

This paper is focused on the capabilities of gas–liquid foams to attenuate acoustic waves. It is postulated that the sound attenuation phenomenon in foams is largely governed by the hydrodynamic resistance of the Plateau-Gibbs channels (PGC) to the flow of liquid through them. It is shown that the addition of solid particles to gas–liquid foams has opposite effects depending on the concentration of the added solid particles. As long as the concentration of the added solid particles is smaller than a certain critical value the sound attenuation coefficient increases and as a result in the sound velocity decreases. However, if the concentration of the added solid particles becomes larger than this critical value the attenuation coefficient decreases and the sound velocity increases. When the concentration of the solid particles reaches some critical value, the particles block the Plateau-Gibbs channels and stop the filtration. As a result the attenuation coefficient of the sound wave decreases while the sound velocity, in such three-phase foams, increases. The point at which the sound wave stops attenuating and its velocity starts to increase is known as the point of self-clarification. Based on this postulate and on the results of our preliminary tests the present study provides a plausible explanation to the above-mentioned contradicting effect, and the self- clarification phenomenon.     

VIBRATION AND ACOUSTIC RADIATION FROM SUBMERGED STIFFENED SPHERICAL SHELL WITH DECK-TYPE INTERNAL PLATE

Based on the motion differential equations of vibration and acoustic coupling system for thin elastic spherical shell with an elastic plate attached to its internal surface, in which Dirac-δ functions are employed to introduce the moments and forces applied by the attachment on the surface of shell, by means of expanding field quantities as Legendre series, a semi-analytic solution is derived for the vibration and acoustic radiation from a submerged stiffened spherical shell with a deck-type internal plate, which has a satisfactory computational effectiveness and precision for an arbitrary frequency range. It is easy to analyze the effect of the internal plate on the acoustic radiation field by using the formulas obtained by the method proposed. It is concluded that the internal plate can significantly change the mechanical and acoustic characteristics of shell, and give the coupling system a very rich resonance frequency spectrum. Moreover, the method can be used to study the acoustic radiation mechanism in similar structures as the one studied here.